alumíniumhidroxid

Alumíniumhidroxid is the chemical compound with the formula Al(OH)3. It is an amorphous white solid that is amphoteric, meaning it can react with both acids and bases. In nature, it is found as the mineral gibbsite and its polymorphs. Alumíniumhidroxid is a significant component of bauxite, the primary ore of aluminum.

It is commonly produced industrially from aluminum metal or aluminum salts. A key application is its use as a precursor in the production of aluminum oxide (alumina), which is then smelted to produce aluminum metal. Alumina derived from alumíniumhidroxid is also used in ceramics, refractories, and as a catalyst.

In medicine, alumíniumhidroxid is used as an antacid to neutralize stomach acid and as a phosphate binder in patients with kidney disease to prevent hyperphosphatemia. Its ability to bind to phosphate ions is crucial in managing certain medical conditions. It is also employed in vaccinations as an adjuvant, enhancing the immune response to antigens.

Due to its flame-retardant properties, alumíniumhidroxid is incorporated into plastics, paints, and coatings. When heated, it decomposes, releasing water vapor which cools the material and dilutes flammable gases. This makes it a safe and effective additive in various fire-resistant materials.