alphasyntrophin

Alphasyntrophin is a protein encoded by the SNTA1 gene in humans and is a component of the dystrophin-associated protein complex. This protein plays a crucial role in maintaining the structural integrity of cell membranes, particularly in muscle and nerve tissues. It contains multiple protein-binding domains that facilitate interactions with dystrophin, dystroglycan, and neuronal nitric oxide synthase, among other proteins.

The primary functions of alphasyntrophin include organizing signaling complexes at the cell membrane and anchoring them to the cytoskeleton. In neurons, it helps cluster neurotransmitter receptors at synapses, which is essential for proper neuronal communication. In muscle cells, it contributes to the stability of the sarcolemma during contraction.

Alphasyntrophin is expressed in various tissues, with particularly high levels in the brain, skeletal muscle, and heart. Alternative splicing of the SNTA1 gene produces multiple isoforms of the protein, which may have specialized functions in different tissues.

Research has linked mutations or dysregulation of alphasyntrophin to certain muscular dystrophies and neurological disorders, highlighting its importance in maintaining cellular structure and function.