allergéneknek

Allergéneknek refers to substances that can trigger an allergic reaction in susceptible individuals. These reactions occur when the immune system mistakenly identifies a harmless substance as a threat and releases antibodies, primarily immunoglobulin E (IgE). This release causes a cascade of chemical responses, including the release of histamine, which leads to the symptoms of an allergy.

Common allergens include environmental factors such as pollen from trees, grasses, and weeds, as well as dust mites, mold spores, and animal dander. Food allergens are another significant category, with milk, eggs, peanuts, tree nuts, soy, wheat, fish, and shellfish being among the most prevalent. Insect venom, particularly from bees and wasps, can also be a potent allergen. Certain medications, like penicillin, are also recognized allergens.

The symptoms of an allergic reaction can vary widely depending on the allergen and the individual. They can range from mild, such as sneezing, itching, runny nose, and hives, to severe and life-threatening conditions like anaphylaxis, a rapid, systemic reaction that can impair breathing and cause a sudden drop in blood pressure. Diagnosis of specific allergens is typically done through skin prick tests or blood tests. Prevention involves avoiding known allergens, and treatment often includes antihistamines, corticosteroids, and in severe cases, epinephrine.