allergologist

An allergist, or allergist-immunologist, is a physician who specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of allergic diseases and immune system disorders. They assess patients with symptoms such as sneezing, runny nose, nasal congestion, wheezing, shortness of breath, hives, swelling, eczema, food reactions, and anaphylaxis, and manage conditions including allergic rhinitis, allergic conjunctivitis, asthma, atopic dermatitis, food allergies, drug allergies, venom allergies, and certain immune deficiencies. They also evaluate occupational allergies and provide guidance on avoidance strategies and treatment in children and adults.

Diagnosis typically involves a detailed history, physical examination, and tests such as skin prick or intradermal testing, serum-specific IgE testing, oral food challenges, and pulmonary function testing. They may use nasal or bronchial challenges in specialized settings and coordinate with other specialists.

Treatment options include allergen avoidance, pharmacotherapy (antihistamines, intranasal corticosteroids, leukotriene inhibitors, bronchodilators, epinephrine for anaphylaxis), and allergen immunotherapy (subcutaneous or sublingual) for selected allergies. They develop emergency action plans for severe reactions and may prescribe epinephrine auto-injectors.

Most allergists complete medical school, residency in internal medicine or pediatrics, followed by an allergy and immunology fellowship. Board certification is provided by the relevant professional body in their country (for example, the American Board of Allergy and Immunology in the United States).

They work in outpatient clinics, hospitals, and academic centers, often collaborating with dermatologists, pulmonologists, otolaryngologists, and primary care physicians.