allergenum

Allergenum is a term sometimes used in scientific and medical contexts to refer to any substance that can trigger an allergic reaction in susceptible individuals. These substances are known as allergens. Allergens are typically proteins, but can also be other molecules. The immune system of an allergic person mistakenly identifies these allergens as harmful invaders. In response, the immune system produces antibodies, specifically immunoglobulin E (IgE), against the allergen. Upon subsequent exposure, IgE antibodies bind to the allergen, triggering the release of chemicals such as histamine from specialized cells, like mast cells and basophils. This chemical release causes the symptoms associated with allergic reactions. Common examples of allergens include pollen, dust mites, certain foods (like peanuts, dairy, and shellfish), insect venom, and latex. The severity of allergic reactions can range from mild symptoms like itching and sneezing to severe, life-threatening anaphylaxis. Identification of allergens is often achieved through skin prick tests or blood tests. Management of allergies typically involves avoidance of the identified allergen, medication to manage symptoms, and in some cases, immunotherapy.