alienació

Alienació, a term derived from the Latin "alienus" meaning "belonging to another," refers to a state of estrangement or separation. In sociological and philosophical contexts, it describes a feeling of powerlessness, meaninglessness, isolation, and self-estrangement experienced by individuals within a society. The concept gained prominence through the work of Karl Marx, who argued that under capitalism, workers become alienated from the products of their labor, the process of labor itself, their fellow humans, and ultimately, their own human nature or potential.

This alienation can manifest in various ways, including a lack of control over one's work, a sense of purposelessness, and a feeling of being disconnected from others. It is often seen as a consequence of social structures that prioritize efficiency and profit over human well-being and individual fulfillment. Beyond Marxist theory, thinkers like Émile Durkheim explored social alienation related to a breakdown of social norms and integration, leading to anomie.

Psychologically, alienation can involve feelings of loneliness and detachment from oneself and one's surroundings. It can be a symptom of mental health issues or a response to traumatic experiences or societal pressures. The experience of alienation can lead to a variety of negative outcomes, including decreased job satisfaction, social withdrawal, and a diminished sense of identity. Addressing alienation often involves efforts to foster greater social connection, promote meaningful work, and empower individuals within their communities.