algeblomsting

Algeblomstring, often referred to as algal bloom, is a rapid increase in the population of algae in freshwater or marine environments. These blooms can occur naturally but are frequently exacerbated by human activities, particularly the excessive release of nutrients into waterways. Nitrogen and phosphorus, commonly found in fertilizers, sewage, and industrial waste, are primary drivers of algal bloom development. When these nutrients become abundant, they act as fertilizers for algae, leading to their explosive growth.

The visual appearance of an algal bloom can vary significantly. Some blooms manifest as discolored patches of water, ranging from green and brown to red and purple, depending on the dominant algal species. Others may form thick, foamy mats on the water's surface. The ecological impacts of algal blooms can be profound. As the algae multiply, they consume dissolved oxygen in the water, creating hypoxic or anoxic conditions that can be detrimental or fatal to fish and other aquatic life. This phenomenon is known as eutrophication.

Certain types of algal blooms can also produce toxins, known as harmful algal blooms (HABs). These toxins can pose risks to human health through direct contact with contaminated water or consumption of contaminated seafood. They can also harm wildlife, pets, and livestock. Addressing the causes of algal blooms typically involves reducing nutrient runoff through improved agricultural practices, upgrading wastewater treatment facilities, and managing urban storm water.