alergenë

Alergenë refers to substances that can trigger an allergic reaction in susceptible individuals. These reactions occur when the immune system mistakenly identifies a harmless substance as a threat and mounts an exaggerated response. Common allergens include pollen from plants, dust mites, certain foods such as peanuts and shellfish, animal dander, and insect venom.

When an allergen enters the body, the immune system produces antibodies, specifically immunoglobulin E (IgE). These IgE antibodies attach to mast cells and basophils, types of white blood cells. Upon subsequent exposure to the same allergen, it binds to the IgE antibodies on these cells, causing them to release histamine and other chemicals. These chemicals are responsible for the symptoms of an allergic reaction, which can vary in severity and type.

Symptoms of allergic reactions can range from mild to life-threatening. Mild symptoms may include itching, hives, sneezing, runny nose, and watery eyes. More severe reactions can involve difficulty breathing, swelling of the throat, dizziness, and a drop in blood pressure, a condition known as anaphylaxis, which requires immediate medical attention. Diagnosis of allergies typically involves medical history, physical examination, and specific allergy tests like skin prick tests or blood tests. Management strategies include allergen avoidance, medications such as antihistamines and corticosteroids, and in some cases, immunotherapy or allergy shots.