aldoszteronantagonisták

Aldoszteronantagonisták, also known as mineralokortikoid receptor antagonists, are a class of drugs that block the action of aldosterone, a hormone produced by the adrenal glands. Aldosterone plays a crucial role in regulating blood pressure, electrolyte balance, and fluid volume in the body. By inhibiting aldosterone's effects, these drugs can lead to decreased sodium and water reabsorption and increased potassium excretion.

These medications are primarily used in the treatment of conditions where the body produces too much aldosterone or where aldosterone's effects are detrimental. Common indications include heart failure, both systolic and diastolic, where they help to reduce fluid overload and improve cardiac function. They are also utilized in managing hypertension, particularly in cases resistant to other treatments, and in primary aldosteronism, a condition characterized by excessive aldosterone production. Furthermore, aldosteronantagonisták can be beneficial in patients with chronic kidney disease and cirrhosis of the liver to manage fluid retention.

The main aldosteronantagonisták currently available are spironolactone and eplerenone. Spironolactone, a non-selective antagonist, also blocks androgen receptors, which can lead to side effects like gynecomastia and menstrual irregularities. Eplerenone is a more selective antagonist, primarily targeting mineralocorticoid receptors, and generally has a more favorable side effect profile. Common side effects of both drugs include hyperkalemia (elevated potassium levels) and impaired kidney function, necessitating regular monitoring of electrolyte levels and renal function.