aivokalvoverenvuodot

Aivokalvoverenvuodot refers to bleeding within the meninges, the membranes that surround the brain and spinal cord. These membranes are the dura mater, arachnoid mater, and pia mater. Bleeding can occur in the space between these layers. The most common types of meningeal hemorrhage include epidural hematoma, subdural hematoma, and subarachnoid hemorrhage.

Epidural hematomas typically result from head trauma, often a skull fracture that tears an artery, most commonly the middle meningeal artery. This leads to rapid accumulation of blood between the dura mater and the skull. Symptoms can include a lucid interval followed by rapid neurological deterioration, headache, and loss of consciousness.

Subdural hematomas are caused by the tearing of veins that bridge the dura mater and the arachnoid mater. They are also often associated with head injury, particularly in older adults or individuals on anticoagulant therapy. Symptoms can develop more slowly than with epidural hematomas and may include headache, confusion, and focal neurological deficits.

Subarachnoid hemorrhage is bleeding into the subarachnoid space, the area between the arachnoid mater and the pia mater, which contains cerebrospinal fluid. The most frequent cause is a ruptured aneurysm, but arteriovenous malformations or trauma can also be responsible. Subarachnoid hemorrhage is often characterized by a sudden, severe headache, described as the "worst headache of my life," along with neck stiffness and vomiting. Prompt diagnosis and treatment are crucial for all types of aivokalvoverenvuodot to minimize neurological damage.