airlifts

An airlift is the organized transportation of people, equipment, and supplies by air, typically to areas that are difficult or impossible to reach by ground or sea. Airlifts are used in military operations, humanitarian relief, disaster response, and mass evacuations, relying on coordinated aircraft, routes, and schedules to move large volumes efficiently.

Historically, airlifts emerged in the mid-20th century, culminating in the Berlin Airlift of 1948–1949, which demonstrated the potential to sustain a city without land access. Since then, airlift operations have become a core tool for rapid response in crises, enabling logistics over challenging terrain and across international borders even under unsafe or rapidly changing conditions.

Airlift operations can involve fixed-wing aircraft for long-distance cargo and passenger transport, as well as rotary-wing aircraft for shorter-range, vertical lift. Cargo movements may be conducted as airland operations, delivering payloads to a runway or landing zone, or as airdrops, in which goods are released from the aircraft to land by parachute or gravity. Medical evacuation is another specialized form of airlift.

Successful airlifts require suitable airfields or temporary landing zones, airspace coordination, secure fuel and maintenance support, palletized or containerized cargo handling, and careful load planning to maximize capacity while meeting weight and balance constraints. Aircraft types range from strategic airlifters and heavy transports to tactical helicopters, and operations are sensitive to weather, security, and political constraints.

While airlifts can rapidly deliver relief and personnel, they are expensive, risk-laden, and logistics-intensive. Notable examples include the Berlin Airlift and numerous humanitarian missions after earthquakes, floods, and wars that rely on air movement to reach otherwise inaccessible areas.