agranulosytoosi

Agranulocytosis is a severe and potentially life-threatening condition characterized by a drastic reduction in the number of granulocytes, a type of white blood cell essential for fighting infection. Granulocytes, including neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils, play a crucial role in the immune system. When their count drops significantly, the body becomes highly vulnerable to bacterial and fungal infections, which can rapidly become severe and widespread.

The most common cause of agranulocytosis is a side effect of certain medications, particularly those used in chemotherapy, antithyroid drugs, antipsychotics, and some antibiotics. In rare cases, it can be caused by autoimmune disorders, bone marrow failure, or certain viral infections. The symptoms of agranulocytosis often mimic those of a severe infection, including high fever, chills, sore throat, mouth sores, fatigue, and weakness. Due to the compromised immune system, even minor infections can progress rapidly.

Diagnosis typically involves a complete blood count (CBC) which reveals a critically low number of neutrophils. A bone marrow biopsy may be performed to assess the production of white blood cells. Treatment focuses on removing the offending agent if a drug is suspected, administering broad-spectrum antibiotics to combat infections, and in some cases, using granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) to stimulate the bone marrow to produce more white blood cells. Prompt medical attention is crucial for managing agranulocytosis effectively and improving outcomes.