adipokinejä

Adipokines are a group of proteins secreted by adipose (fat) tissue. They play a crucial role in regulating energy homeostasis, inflammation, and insulin sensitivity. Originally, adipose tissue was primarily viewed as a storage site for energy, but the discovery of adipokines revealed its significant endocrine function. These signaling molecules can act locally within the adipose tissue itself or travel through the bloodstream to exert effects on distant organs such as the liver, muscle, and brain.

Key adipokines include adiponectin, leptin, resistin, and visfatin. Adiponectin is generally considered beneficial, promoting insulin sensitivity and having anti-inflammatory properties. Leptin, on the other hand, is involved in appetite regulation and energy expenditure, with leptin resistance being a common feature of obesity. Resistin has been linked to insulin resistance, while visfatin has diverse roles, including promoting glucose uptake and having anti-inflammatory effects. The balance and interaction of these adipokines are critical for metabolic health. Dysregulation of adipokine production and signaling is implicated in various metabolic disorders, including obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. Research continues to explore the therapeutic potential of modulating adipokine levels for treating these conditions.