acidemiához

Acidemia refers to a condition where the body's blood pH falls below the normal range of 7.35 to 7.45, indicating an excess of acid or a deficiency of base. This disruption in the acid-base balance can have significant physiological consequences.

There are several primary causes of acidemia. Respiratory acidosis occurs when the lungs cannot effectively remove carbon dioxide from the body. This can be due to conditions like chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), pneumonia, or drug overdose. Metabolic acidosis, on the other hand, arises from an imbalance in the body's metabolic processes. This includes conditions such as diabetic ketoacidosis, kidney failure, severe diarrhea, or the ingestion of certain toxins like aspirin.

The symptoms of acidemia can vary depending on the underlying cause and the severity of the pH imbalance. Mild cases may present with subtle symptoms or none at all. However, more severe acidemia can lead to fatigue, confusion, shortness of breath, rapid breathing, and a rapid heart rate. In critical situations, it can progress to coma and even be life-threatening.

Diagnosis of acidemia is typically made through blood gas analysis, which measures the pH, carbon dioxide levels, and bicarbonate levels in the blood. Treatment focuses on addressing the underlying cause of the acidosis. For respiratory acidosis, interventions may involve improving ventilation. For metabolic acidosis, treatment might include administering bicarbonate, managing the underlying metabolic disorder, or providing supportive care. Prompt identification and management are crucial to prevent serious complications.