acetylkolinesterasehemmere

Acetylcholinesterasehemmere are a class of drugs that inhibit the enzyme acetylcholinesterase. This enzyme is responsible for breaking down acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter. By inhibiting acetylcholinesterase, these drugs increase the levels of acetylcholine in the synaptic cleft, thereby enhancing cholinergic neurotransmission.

Acetylcholinesterasehemmere are used in various medical conditions. They are commonly prescribed to treat the symptoms of Alzheimer's disease, improving cognitive function and memory in some patients. In myasthenia gravis, a neuromuscular disease, they enhance muscle strength by increasing acetylcholine availability at the neuromuscular junction. Certain types of glaucoma are also treated with acetylcholinesterasehemmere, as they can reduce intraocular pressure. Additionally, some insecticides and nerve agents function by inhibiting acetylcholinesterase, leading to potentially toxic effects due to overstimulation of the nervous system.

The mechanism of action involves binding to the active site of acetylcholinesterase, preventing it from hydrolyzing acetylcholine. This leads to a prolonged presence of acetylcholine, which can then bind more effectively to its receptors. Side effects can vary depending on the specific drug and dose, but may include gastrointestinal disturbances, bradycardia, and increased salivation. Reversible and irreversible inhibitors exist, with irreversible inhibitors generally being more potent and longer-lasting.