abgeschlossen

Abgeschlossen is a German participle that comes from abschließen, meaning to close, complete, or seal. In usage, it can function as a past participle in finite forms or as an adjective in noun phrases, describing something that has reached a final state or has been secured.

As an adjective, abgeschlossen denotes that something has been finished or closed, either in the sense of a completed process or in the sense of being sealed or blocked off. The nuance depends on context: a project can be completed, a door can be closed and locked, and a location can be made inaccessible or restricted.

Common usages include phrases such as ein abgeschlossenes Studium (a completed degree), ein abgeschlossenes Projekt (a finished project), or abgeschlossene Räume (secured, closed-off rooms). The term can also describe more figurative closures, such as eine abgeschlossene Gesellschaft (a closed or exclusive group). In everyday language it signals that no further action is required or allowed.

Grammatically, abgeschlossen declines like a regular adjective when used attributively: ein abgeschlossenes Studium, die abgeschlossenen Türen, das abgeschlossene Verfahren. As a past participle used with the auxiliary haben, it forms the perfect tense: Ich habe das Projekt abgeschlossen. The meaning may shift slightly with context between finalization, closure, or security.

See also: Abschließen (verb) for the base action, Abschluss (noun) for the related concept of completion or conclusion, Abgeschlossenheit (concept of being closed or secluded).