aberrációmérés

Aberrációmérés, often translated as aberration measurement, refers to the process of determining and quantifying optical aberrations within an imaging system. Optical aberrations are deviations from the ideal behavior of a lens or mirror, causing distortions and reducing image quality. These imperfections can manifest in various ways, such as blurriness, chromatic fringing, or uneven illumination. Aberrációmérés is a crucial step in optical design and manufacturing to ensure that systems, like telescopes, microscopes, cameras, and ophthalmic lenses, perform as intended.

The measurement process typically involves using specialized equipment to project known targets or patterns and then analyzing the resulting image. Techniques can range from simple visual inspection by experienced opticians to sophisticated automated systems employing interferometry, wavefront sensing, or modulation transfer function (MTF) analysis. Interferometry, for example, compares the wavefront of light passing through the optical system to an ideal reference wavefront, revealing deviations. Wavefront sensing directly measures the shape of the distorted wavefront. MTF analysis quantifies the system's ability to transfer contrast from the object to the image at different spatial frequencies.

The data obtained from aberrációmérés is used to identify the type and magnitude of aberrations present. This information is then used to either correct the aberrations through further optical design adjustments, post-processing of the image, or to classify the optical component as being within acceptable tolerance limits for its intended application. Accurate aberrációmérés is fundamental for achieving high-performance optical systems.