Zwischenbahn

Zwischenbahn is a term often used in German-speaking countries to refer to a secondary railway line. These lines typically connect smaller towns and villages, or branch off from main trunk lines to serve less populated areas. Unlike major mainlines (Hauptbahn), Zwischenbahnen are generally characterized by lower speeds, fewer daily services, and often single-track operation. They play a crucial role in regional transportation networks, providing essential links for local communities and facilitating travel between smaller settlements.

The operational characteristics of a Zwischenbahn can vary significantly. Some may be electrified, while others rely on diesel traction. The frequency of trains can range from several times a day to only a few services on weekdays. The infrastructure on these lines is often older and less robust than on mainlines, contributing to the slower speeds. Despite these limitations, Zwischenbahnen are vital for ensuring accessibility in rural and semi-rural regions, supporting local economies, and offering an alternative to car travel. Many are operated by regional subsidiaries of national railway companies or by private operators. The economic viability and future of these lines are often subjects of discussion, with potential for modernization or, in some cases, closure if usage declines significantly.