Zsírssejtek

Zsírssejtek, also known as adipocytes or fat cells, are the primary cells of adipose tissue. Their main function is to store energy in the form of fat, also known as triglycerides. These cells are essential for maintaining energy balance in the body, providing insulation, and protecting organs.

Adipocytes originate from precursor cells called preadipocytes. They can differentiate into white adipocytes or brown adipocytes, each with distinct roles. White adipocytes are the most abundant type and are primarily responsible for storing energy. Brown adipocytes, found in smaller amounts, are specialized for thermogenesis, the process of generating heat.

The size and number of adipocytes can increase or decrease depending on an individual's energy intake and expenditure. When energy intake exceeds expenditure, adipocytes enlarge (hypertrophy) and can also multiply (hyperplasia), leading to an increase in body fat. Conversely, during periods of calorie deficit, adipocytes may shrink.

Adipose tissue, composed of these cells, is not merely inert fat storage. It is an active endocrine organ that secretes various hormones and signaling molecules, collectively known as adipokines. These adipokines play crucial roles in regulating metabolism, appetite, inflammation, and insulin sensitivity. Dysregulation of adipokine production and function is implicated in various metabolic diseases, including obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease.