Zevalin

Zevalin is the trade name for ibritumomab tiuxetan, a radiopharmaceutical used in the treatment of certain CD20-positive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas. It combines a monoclonal antibody that targets the CD20 protein on B cells with a radioactive component, yttrium-90, to deliver targeted radiation to malignant cells.

Mechanism and use: The antibody binds to CD20 on the surface of B cells, and the attached radioactive isotope delivers beta radiation to the cell and nearby tumor cells. This targeted approach aims to destroy malignant B cells while limiting exposure to most normal tissues. Zevalin is typically used in adults with relapsed or refractory follicular lymphoma and other CD20-positive B-cell lymphomas, often after other treatments have been tried. A preceding rituximab course is commonly used to reduce circulating B cells and tumor burden before the radiopharmaceutical is administered.

Administration and safety: Zevalin requires administration in a facility equipped to manage radioactive therapies, with appropriate radiation safety measures. Patients undergo monitoring of blood counts and organ function due to risks of marrow suppression and related complications. Common adverse effects include cytopenias, infections, fatigue, and infusion reactions. The treatment is contraindicated in patients with severely reduced bone marrow reserve, active infections, or significant organ impairment, and it requires careful consideration in patients who are pregnant or may become pregnant.

Regulatory status: Zevalin has been approved in various regions for specific indications in adults with CD20-positive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas. Its use is typically coordinated by specialists in nuclear medicine or hematology-oncology and is part of a broader category of targeted radiotherapies.