Zellzyklusstadiums

Zellzyklusstadiums refer to the distinct phases a cell progresses through during its life, culminating in division. This cycle is fundamental to the growth, repair, and reproduction of all living organisms. The cell cycle is broadly divided into two main periods: interphase and the mitotic phase. Interphase is the longer period where the cell grows, replicates its DNA, and prepares for division. It is further subdivided into G1, S, and G2 phases. The G1 phase, or gap 1, is a period of cell growth and normal metabolic activity. Following G1 is the S phase, or synthesis phase, where DNA replication occurs, ensuring each daughter cell receives a complete set of genetic material. The G2 phase, or gap 2, involves further cell growth and the synthesis of proteins necessary for mitosis. The mitotic phase, often referred to as M phase, is the period of actual cell division. This phase includes mitosis, the division of the nucleus, and cytokinesis, the division of the cytoplasm. Mitosis is further broken down into prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase, each characterized by specific events related to chromosome condensation, alignment, separation, and decondensation. Successful progression through these Zellzyklusstadiums is tightly regulated by a complex network of internal and external signals and checkpoints, ensuring that cell division occurs accurately and without errors. Dysregulation of the cell cycle is a hallmark of many diseases, most notably cancer.