ZTime

ZTime is a timekeeping standard and protocol designed for distributed computing. It provides a globally consistent, monotonic time value intended to enable precise event ordering across independent clocks. ZTime aims to complement or replace UTC-based timestamps in systems where local clock drift must be bounded and verifiable.

Time is represented as a 128-bit value known as ZT, split into a seconds field and a fractional subsecond field. This structure supports high-resolution time across long intervals and standardizes the interpretation of time intervals across machines. A configurable epoch and explicit handling of leap seconds are specified to preserve deterministic ordering in critical systems.

Synchronization in ZTime relies on a hierarchical architecture that includes local clocks, regional time services, and global references. The protocol uses two-way time exchange with cryptographic signatures on exchanged samples to allow participants to compute a consensus ZTime with bounded uncertainty. It preserves monotonicity even in the presence of network delays or partial outages.

Implementation components include a ZTime Protocol Engine, a clock discipline module, and a timestamp verifier. A ZTime Authority or network of reference clocks can publish signed time attestations. Clients attach ZTime values to events and may convert to external standards when interoperability is required.

Applications include distributed databases, financial trading platforms, event sourcing systems, and real-time analytics, where consistent timestamps enable correct causal ordering. By reducing reliance on external UTC lookups, ZTime can lower latency while providing interoperability through conversion to standard representations when needed.

As a conceptual or transitional standard, ZTime exists primarily in research prototypes and experimental deployments. Ongoing work focuses on scalability, fault tolerance, and secure integration with existing time infrastructures. It remains distinct from established standards such as UTC and TAI, though designed for potential interoperability.