YopO
YopO, also known as YpkA, is a virulence factor produced by pathogenic Yersinia species, including Yersinia pestis, Yersinia pseudotuberculosis, and Yersinia enterocolitica. It is delivered into host cells by the bacteria’s type III secretion system and functions as a serine/threonine kinase that is activated in the presence of host calcium/calmodulin.
Once translocated into host cells, YopO binds actin and uses actin as a cofactor to stimulate its
Genetically, YopO is encoded by the yopO gene and is often referred to in literature as YpkA,
Structurally, YopO comprises an N-terminal kinase domain and a C-terminal region that mediates interactions with host