Ylähengitystieoireet

Ylähengitystieoireet, often referred to as upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs), encompass a range of conditions affecting the nose, sinuses, pharynx, and larynx. These infections are typically caused by viruses, although bacteria can also be responsible. Common symptoms include a runny nose, nasal congestion, sore throat, sneezing, coughing, and sometimes a mild fever. The common cold is the most prevalent example of a URTI.

These conditions are highly contagious and spread through airborne droplets produced when an infected person coughs or sneezes, or by direct contact with contaminated surfaces. Children are particularly susceptible due to their developing immune systems and frequent close contact in group settings.

Diagnosis is usually based on clinical symptoms. Treatment for most viral URTIs is supportive, focusing on relieving symptoms. This may include rest, adequate fluid intake, and over-the-counter medications for pain, fever, and congestion. Antibiotics are ineffective against viral infections and are therefore not prescribed for the common cold or most other viral URTIs. Bacterial infections, such as strep throat or some sinus infections, may require antibiotic treatment.

Prevention strategies include frequent handwashing, avoiding close contact with sick individuals, and not touching one's face. While generally mild and self-limiting, complications such as bronchitis, pneumonia, or ear infections can occur, especially in vulnerable populations.