YFPs
Yellow Fluorescent Proteins (YFPs) are a subclass of fluorescent proteins that emit light in the yellow portion of the visible spectrum. They are derived from the green fluorescent protein (GFP) originally isolated from the jellyfish Aequorea victoria. By introducing specific amino‑acid substitutions into the chromophore region, early YFP variants shifted the excitation and emission maxima toward longer wavelengths, typically around 514 nm excitation and 527 nm emission. This spectral shift enables simultaneous imaging of multiple targets with distinct fluorophores without significant spectral overlap.
YFPs are used extensively in cell biology, developmental biology, and biophysics for tagging proteins, monitoring gene
The use of YFPs has also expanded into optogenetics, where yellow‑shifted fluorescence allows for multiplexing with