Xylol

Xylol is a common name for xylene or xylenes, a family of aromatic hydrocarbons used as solvents. In industrial usage, it usually designates the mixture of the three xylene isomers—ortho-, meta-, and para-xylene—or a commercial mixed xylenes product. They are colorless liquids with a flammable nature and a distinctive sweet solvent odor.

Xylenes have the chemical formula C8H10 and comprise three isomers with similar properties but slightly different boiling points. The pure isomers boil between about 138 and 144 degrees Celsius; the mixed xylenes package has a boiling range around 140 degrees Celsius. They are relatively nonpolar, poorly soluble in water, and readily dissolve many organic substances; they are sparingly soluble in water and highly volatile.

Production and uses: Xylenes are produced during petroleum refining and coal tar processing, principally from reforming gasoline fractions or from toluene disproportionation and transalkylation. The major use of xylene is as a solvent in paints, coatings, inks, adhesives, and cleaning agents, and as a chemical feedstock. In particular, p-xylene is a key feedstock for the production of terephthalic acid, a monomer for polyethylene terephthalate (PET).

Safety and handling: Xylol is highly flammable and its vapors can form explosive mixtures with air. Exposure may irritate the eyes, skin, and respiratory tract; central nervous system effects include headache, dizziness, and confusion. Use in well-ventilated areas, with appropriate engineering controls and personal protective equipment; store in tightly closed containers away from heat and oxidizers; follow local regulations for disposal.

Environmental and regulatory notes: Xylenes are volatile organic compounds and are subject to environmental and occupational safety regulations in many jurisdictions. Spills should be contained and cleaned up to prevent soil and water contamination.