Xeriscape

Xeriscape is a landscaping approach aimed at reducing or eliminating the need for supplemental irrigation by using drought-tolerant plants, efficient irrigation, soil preparation, mulch, and careful maintenance planning. The term originated in Colorado in the early 1980s, combining the Greek xero meaning dry with landscape. Xeriscaping emphasizes water conservation while maintaining aesthetic value.

Key principles include planning and design that match plant choices to site conditions; soil improvement to enhance water retention and drainage; efficient irrigation such as drip systems with sensors or weather-based controllers; use of drought-tolerant, native, or adapted species; mulching to reduce evaporation and suppress weeds; and ongoing maintenance to adjust irrigation and replace stressed plants.

Plant selection and layout emphasize hydrozones, grouping plants by water needs and placing them in appropriate sun or shade. Drought-tolerant options include many native species, succulents, grasses, and Mediterranean shrubs. Mulch helps conserve soil moisture, moderate soil temperature, and reduce weeds. A well-planned xeriscape uses durable, low-water-stress materials and minimizes turf areas.

Benefits include substantial reductions in outdoor water use, lower maintenance costs, and improved resilience during drought. Environmental advantages may include reduced runoff and habitat support when native, climate-appropriate species are chosen. Challenges involve establishing plants in dry soils, initial conversion costs, and ongoing maintenance such as weed control, irrigation scheduling, and periodic replanting.