Wärmeträger

Wärmeträger, also known as heat transfer fluids or thermal fluids, are substances used to transport thermal energy from one location to another. They are employed in a wide range of applications where precise temperature control is required, including industrial processes, heating and cooling systems, and renewable energy technologies. The primary function of a Wärmeträger is to absorb heat at a source and release it at a destination, facilitating efficient energy transfer.

The selection of a Wärmeträger depends on several factors, such as the operating temperature range, desired thermal properties, chemical compatibility with system components, and safety considerations. Common types of Wärmeträger include water, oils, glycols, and molten salts. Water is widely used due to its excellent heat capacity and availability, but its use is limited by its freezing and boiling points. Organic oils and synthetic fluids offer wider operating temperature ranges but may have flammability concerns or higher costs. Glycols, such as ethylene glycol and propylene glycol, are often used in systems where freezing protection is necessary. Molten salts are utilized in high-temperature applications, particularly in concentrated solar power plants.

The performance of a Wärmeträger is characterized by its specific heat capacity, thermal conductivity, viscosity, and thermal stability. A high specific heat capacity allows the fluid to store and transport a large amount of thermal energy. Good thermal conductivity facilitates rapid heat transfer. Low viscosity is desirable to minimize pumping energy requirements. Thermal stability ensures that the fluid does not degrade or decompose at operating temperatures, which could lead to reduced performance and system damage. Regular monitoring and maintenance of Wärmeträger systems are crucial to ensure their efficiency and longevity.