Wehrdienst

Wehrdienst is the term used in German-speaking countries to describe military service in which citizens are obligated or expected to serve in the armed forces. It historically functioned as a core element of national defense and civic obligation, with eligibility tied to citizenship and age.

In the Federal Republic of Germany, Wehrdienst was a universal obligation for male citizens for many decades. It was suspended in 2011 and is no longer compulsory; since then the Bundeswehr operates as a professional army. The state offers voluntary alternatives such as the Bundesfreiwilligendienst and various forms of voluntary military service for those who wish to contribute.

Austria maintains mandatory military service for male citizens, with the period varying and typically spanning several months. An alternative civilian service (Zivildienst) is available for those who object to military service. Women may choose to serve voluntarily, but there is no general obligation for them under the law.

Switzerland treats Wehrdienst as a central element of national defense; male citizens are drafted into service, with the option of civilian service as a substitute for conscientious objectors. Service periods and obligations are defined by federal regulations and are typically counted in months.

Across the German-speaking world, debates about Wehrdienst address defense needs, gender equality, personal freedom, and the burden on young adults. While some countries retain compulsory service, others have shifted toward professional forces or voluntary programs and civilian service.

See also: Bundeswehr, Zivildienst, Wehrpflicht.