WWLLN

World Wide Lightning Location Network (WWLLN) is a global network of ground-based sensors designed to detect and locate lightning across the planet. The network records very low frequency (VLF) radio waves emitted by lightning return strokes and uses time-of-arrival differences of the signals at multiple stations, along with GPS-synchronized clocks, to determine the location and time of each discharge. The system provides near real-time global coverage and a record of lightning activity that is widely used in atmospheric science, meteorology, and education.

WWLLN stations are distributed worldwide and are operated by a consortium of universities and research institutions, often with contributions from individual researchers and students. As the network relies on a heterogeneous mix of stations, coverage is strongest on land in populated regions and over the oceans where station density is adequate; completeness varies, and accuracy is typically on the order of several to a few tens of kilometers for well-supported events.

Data products include event catalogs, global lightning density maps, and real-time alerts. The data are publicly accessible through the WWLLN portal and are used for thunderstorm research, climate studies, aviation and hazard monitoring, and educational outreach. WWLLN also links with complementary networks and satellite-based observations to examine storm dynamics and electrical activity.

The project was established in the early 2000s and has expanded through international collaboration.