Vízhammer

Vízhammer, also known as water hammer, is a phenomenon that occurs in closed piping systems when a valve is quickly closed, causing a pressure wave to travel back through the pipe. This wave can cause significant damage to the piping system, as well as other components connected to it, such as pumps and valves.

The term "water hammer" is a misnomer, as it can occur in any liquid or gas system, not just water. The force generated by a water hammer can be immense, with pressures reaching up to 10 times the normal operating pressure of the system.

There are two main types of water hammer: positive and negative. Positive water hammer occurs when a valve is quickly closed, causing a pressure wave to travel back through the pipe. Negative water hammer occurs when a valve is quickly opened, causing a vacuum to be created in the pipe.

Water hammer can be mitigated through several methods, including:

* Installing a water hammer arrestor, which is a device designed to absorb the energy of the pressure wave.

* Slowing the closure or opening of valves to reduce the velocity of the fluid.

* Increasing the diameter of the piping system to reduce the velocity of the fluid.

* Using air chambers, which allow air to enter the system and absorb the energy of the pressure wave.

Water hammer is a common problem in many industrial and municipal piping systems, and can cause significant damage if not properly addressed. It is important for engineers and technicians to be aware of the potential for water hammer and to take steps to mitigate it.