Växelförlust

Växelförlust refers to the energy losses that occur within a transformer. These losses are primarily of two types: iron losses and copper losses. Iron losses, also known as core losses, are caused by the alternating magnetic flux in the transformer's core. They consist of hysteresis losses, which arise from the energy required to reorient the magnetic domains within the iron core as the magnetic field changes, and eddy current losses, which are induced currents within the core itself that dissipate energy as heat due to the core's resistance. Iron losses are generally constant regardless of the load on the transformer.

Copper losses, also known as winding losses or I²R losses, are due to the electrical resistance of the copper windings. As current flows through the windings, energy is dissipated as heat according to the square of the current (I²) multiplied by the resistance (R). Copper losses vary with the load on the transformer, increasing as the load increases and decreasing as the load decreases. These losses are a significant factor in the overall efficiency of a transformer, especially at higher load levels. Minimizing växelförlust is crucial for improving the energy efficiency of electrical power systems.