Väikesemolekulaalsed

Väikesemolekulaalsed, meaning "small-molecule" in Estonian, refers to chemical compounds characterized by their relatively low molecular weight. These substances are distinguished from macromolecules like proteins, nucleic acids, and polysaccharides. The definition of "small molecule" can vary depending on the context, but generally, it implies a molecular weight below a certain threshold, often cited as around 900 Daltons (Da) or sometimes 1000 Da.

In the realm of chemistry and pharmacology, small molecules are of significant interest. They can be synthesized in laboratories or derived from natural sources. Their small size often allows them to readily cross cell membranes and interact with biological targets within cells. This property makes them crucial in drug development. Many orally administered drugs are small molecules because their size facilitates absorption in the gastrointestinal tract.

Examples of small molecules are abundant and diverse, including common substances like water, carbon dioxide, and glucose. In medicinal chemistry, small molecules are designed to bind to specific proteins or enzymes, modulating their activity to achieve a therapeutic effect. This targeted approach is a cornerstone of modern drug discovery. The development of new small-molecule drugs involves extensive research into their synthesis, purification, characterization, and biological activity. Their versatility and broad applicability ensure their continued importance in scientific research and industrial applications.