Vádli

Vádli is the Icelandic word for the calf, the posterior portion of the lower leg. It refers to the muscular region that forms part of the posterior compartment and is primarily made up of two muscles, the gastrocnemius and the soleus, which together constitute the gastrocnemius-soleus complex. These muscles converge into the strong Achilles tendon, which inserts on the calcaneus (heel bone).

Function and anatomy: The gastrocnemius has two heads and crosses both the knee and the ankle, while the soleus lies underneath it. Together they plantarflex the foot at the ankle, enabling actions such as standing on tiptoe, walking, running, and jumping. The gastrocnemius can assist knee flexion due to its crossing of the knee joint. The gastrocnemius-soleus complex is innervated by the tibial nerve and receives blood supply primarily from the posterior tibial artery.

Clinical notes: Calf injuries are common in sports and can include strains of the gastrocnemius or soleus, Achilles tendinopathy, and ruptures of the Achilles tendon. Management ranges from rest, ice, compression, and elevation to physical therapy; severe Achilles ruptures may require surgical repair. Acute calf swelling or pain warrants consideration of other conditions such as deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Calf cramps can result from fatigue, dehydration, or electrolyte imbalance.

Usage: In Icelandic medical and anatomical contexts, vádli refers specifically to this calf region of the leg.