Vulvahygiene

Vulvahygiene refers to practices for maintaining the cleanliness and comfort of the external female genital area. The vulva includes the visible structures around the vaginal opening, such as the labia majora and labia minora, the clitoris, and the surrounding skin. The vagina itself is internal and maintains its own balance of bacteria and moisture; internal cleansing is not required and can be disruptive.

Daily care guidelines: wash the external area with lukewarm water. If soap is used, choose a mild, fragrance-free product and apply to the outside only, avoiding insertion into the vagina. Rinse well and pat dry. Douching or cleansing the inside of the vagina is not recommended.

Clothing and environment: wear breathable cotton underwear and avoid tight or synthetic clothing that traps moisture. Change damp underwear promptly after sweating or swimming. Avoid powders, fragrances, or talc on the genital area, as these can cause irritation.

Signs to seek medical advice: if there is persistent itching, burning, redness, swelling, sores, painful urination, or abnormal discharge or odor, consult a healthcare provider. Some conditions—such as yeast infections, bacterial vaginosis, or skin disorders—require diagnosis and treatment by a clinician.

Special considerations: hygiene needs may change during pregnancy, menopause, or in the presence of dermatologic conditions. When in doubt, especially if you notice new symptoms or are using medications in the genital area, seek medical guidance.