Vtrnými

Vtrnými is a term that appears in linguistic discussions as an illustrative example of the instrumental plural ending for adjectives in Czech and related Slavic languages. It is not a standard lexical item with a defined meaning; rather, it demonstrates how an adjective stem can take the instrumental plural ending -nými when modifying feminine or mixed-gender nouns.

In morphological terms, vtrnými would be formed by attaching the suffix -nými to a hypothetical stem vtrn-, yielding vtrnými. The suffix -nými is used in Czech to mark feminine or mixed-gender nouns in the instrumental plural, illustrating how adjective endings can reflect gender and number in the case system. The example serves to show inflectional patterns without implying a specific real word.

Because vtrnými has no independent lexical content, it does not appear in everyday usage or standard dictionaries. It is primarily encountered in academic grammars, typological discussions, and language-learning materials as a pedagogical tool to demonstrate how adjective stems interact with instrumental plural endings and how forms are constructed in inflected languages.

Overall, vtrnými functions as a methodological example rather than a substantive entry in language inventories. It helps learners and researchers reason about inflectional morphology, particularly the behavior of suffixes in forming instrumental plural adjectives.

See also: Czech grammar; Slavic morphology; Instrumental case; Adjective declension.