Vrstvené

Vrstvené is an adjective in Czech meaning layered or stratified. It is derived from the noun vrstva, layer, and is used to describe objects, rocks, soils, or materials composed of or organized into distinct layers. The term appears in scientific, educational, and descriptive contexts to indicate a vertical or horizontal arrangement of layers.

In geology, vrstvené sedimenty refer to rocks formed by the accumulation and compaction of material in distinct strata. These layers, called bedding, record variations in environment over time, such as changes in sediment supply, energy, or chemistry. The layers may differ in grain size, mineral content, color, and fossil content, and may exhibit features such as cross-bedding or ripple marks.

In soil science, vrstvené půdy describe soils with clear horizontal differentiation into horizons (O, A, B, C), often caused by processes like organic matter accumulation, eluviation, illuviation, or soil water movement. Layering affects drainage, nutrient availability, and root penetration.

In materials engineering, vrstvené materiály or layered composites consist of alternating layers of materials with different properties to tailor strength, stiffness, thermal behavior, or barrier performance. Examples include layered ceramics, metal-ceramic laminates, and coatings. The concept also appears in design and art to describe layered color or texture in works.