Voûtes

A voûte, in architecture, refers to an arched structure that spans an opening and supports weight from above. Voûtes are essentially three-dimensional forms of arches, enabling the creation of roofs, ceilings, and passageways. The primary function of a voûte is to distribute the load of the structure or the space above it outwards and downwards to supporting piers or walls. This transference of force allows for the spanning of wider spaces than would be possible with a simple flat beam, as the arch's inherent compressive strength is utilized.

The construction of a voûte traditionally involves the use of voussoirs, which are wedge-shaped stones or bricks. These voussoirs are laid in a curved pattern, with the keystone at the apex, locking the structure into place. The outward thrust generated by the voûte must be counteracted by buttressing, either through thick walls or external supports like flying buttresses, to prevent collapse.

Various types of voûtes exist, each with distinct structural characteristics and aesthetic qualities. Common examples include the barrel vault, a simple, semicircular extension of an arch; the groin vault, formed by the intersection of two barrel vaults at right angles; and the ribbed vault, a more complex structure reinforced with diagonal ribs, prevalent in Gothic architecture. The development and refinement of voûte construction marked significant advancements in structural engineering and architectural design, enabling the construction of grander and more ambitious buildings throughout history.