VitaminB12Mangelanämie

VitaminB12Mangelanämie, also known as pernicious anemia or megaloblastic anemia due to vitamin B12 deficiency, is a type of anemia caused by a lack of vitamin B12 in the body. Vitamin B12 is essential for the production of red blood cells, which carry oxygen throughout the body. A deficiency in vitamin B12 can lead to the production of abnormally large, immature red blood cells (megaloblasts) that are unable to function properly.

The most common cause of vitamin B12 deficiency is a failure of the stomach to produce intrinsic factor, a protein necessary for vitamin B12 absorption. This condition is known as pernicious anemia and is thought to be an autoimmune disorder. Other causes of vitamin B12 deficiency include dietary insufficiency, particularly in strict vegetarians and vegans who do not supplement their diet, malabsorption disorders such as Crohn's disease or celiac disease, certain medications, and gastric surgery.

Symptoms of vitaminB12Mangelanämie can develop gradually and may include fatigue, weakness, pale skin, shortness of breath, dizziness, and a sore tongue. Neurological symptoms can also occur, such as numbness or tingling in the hands and feet, difficulty walking, memory problems, and confusion. These neurological symptoms can sometimes occur even in the absence of significant anemia.

Diagnosis is typically made through blood tests that measure vitamin B12 levels, red blood cell size and number, and the presence of antibodies against intrinsic factor or parietal cells. Treatment involves vitamin B12 supplementation, usually administered through injections or high-dose oral supplements, to restore normal levels and reverse the symptoms of anemia and neurological deficits. Early diagnosis and treatment are important to prevent permanent neurological damage.