Viruksella

Viruksella is the adessive singular form of the Finnish noun virus (virüs in some languages), used to denote the agent or means in a sentence. In Finnish grammar, the adessive case answers questions such as where something is located, by what means something is done, or what the agent is in a passive situation. As the word viruksella, it specifically indicates “on/with/by means of a virus,” depending on the context.

Morphology and forms

The base noun is virukset in the nominative plural and viruksen in the genitive singular. The adessive singular form is viruksella, and the adessive plural is viruksilla. These endings reflect Finnish case morphology where -lla/-llä marks location or instrument, while the stem often changes slightly from virus to viruks- in inflected forms.

Usage

Viruksella appears primarily in formal or scientific Finnish to indicate exposure to a virus or the use of a virus as an agent in an experimental or medical context. In everyday language, the form may occur in discussions about virology, epidemiology, or infectious diseases, though it remains relatively specialized. As with other adessive forms, its meaning is determined by the surrounding verb and sentence structure.

Examples

Näyte altistettiin viruksella laboratorio-olosuhteissa. The sentence indicates exposure to a virus in a controlled setting, illustrating the adessive usage of viruksella.

See also

Virukset (viruses), Finnish grammar, Adessive case.