Vestibulaarhäired

Vestibulaarhäired encompass a range of conditions affecting the vestibular system, which is responsible for balance and spatial orientation. This system, located in the inner ear, works in conjunction with the eyes and proprioception to maintain equilibrium. When the vestibular system malfunctions, it can lead to a variety of symptoms.

Common symptoms of vestibular disorders include dizziness, vertigo (a sensation of spinning), and imbalance. Individuals may experience nausea, vomiting, and difficulty concentrating. These symptoms can range from mild and intermittent to severe and persistent, significantly impacting daily activities. Some vestibular disorders can also cause hearing changes, such as tinnitus (ringing in the ears) or hearing loss, as the auditory and vestibular systems are closely located in the inner ear.

Causes of vestibular disorders are diverse. They can include infections affecting the inner ear, such as labyrinthitis or vestibular neuritis. Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV), a common condition, is caused by the displacement of calcium carbonate crystals in the inner ear. Meniere's disease, characterized by episodes of vertigo, tinnitus, hearing loss, and a feeling of fullness in the ear, is another significant vestibular disorder. Head injuries, aging, and certain medications can also contribute to vestibular dysfunction.

Diagnosis typically involves a thorough medical history, a physical examination, and specific vestibular function tests. Treatment strategies vary depending on the underlying cause and severity of the disorder. Management may include vestibular rehabilitation therapy, medication to manage symptoms like nausea, and in some cases, surgical interventions.