Vesiviljelus

Vesiviljelus, also known as aquaculture, is the farming of aquatic organisms, including fish, crustaceans, mollusks, aquatic plants, algae, and other aquatic life. It is a significant component of the global food supply, providing approximately 50% of the world's seafood and 40% of the world's animal protein. Aquaculture can be practiced in various environments, including freshwater, brackish water, and marine settings.

The practice of aquaculture dates back to ancient times, with evidence of fish farming in China, Egypt, and Greece. Modern aquaculture began in the 20th century and has since evolved into a highly specialized and technologically advanced industry. It includes a wide range of methods, from traditional pond farming to intensive recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS) used for finfish and shellfish.

Aquaculture offers several advantages, including the ability to produce food in a controlled environment, reduce pressure on wild fish populations, and provide employment opportunities in rural and coastal communities. However, it also faces challenges such as disease management, environmental impact, and the need for sustainable practices to ensure long-term viability.

The global aquaculture industry is diverse, with major producers including China, India, Vietnam, and the United States. The sector is supported by extensive research and development efforts aimed at improving production efficiency, feed quality, and disease prevention. As global demand for seafood continues to grow, aquaculture is expected to play an increasingly important role in meeting future food security needs.