finfish

Finfish are aquatic vertebrates that possess fins and gills and inhabit marine, freshwater, or brackish environments. They form the largest group of fish species used for food and other purposes, and are typically categorized into two major classes: Chondrichthyes, the cartilaginous fishes (sharks, rays, and skates), and Osteichthyes, the bony fishes (including salmon, tuna, and cod).

Anatomically, finfish vary widely but share key features: a backbone, paired fins for steering, and a swim bladder in many bony species that helps regulate buoyancy. They respire through gills and have scales of various types. Sensory systems include the lateral line, which detects water movements and vibrations. Mouth shape and dentition reflect diverse feeding strategies across species.

Life histories are diverse. Reproduction ranges from egg-laying to live-bearing, and parental care patterns vary from none to substantial. Many species undertake seasonal migrations or form schools for feeding or protection. Finfish occupy nearly every aquatic niche, from shallow estuaries to the deep sea, and exhibit a wide array of habitat preferences and diets.

Humans rely on finfish for food, sport, and industrial uses. Capture fisheries and aquaculture supply substantial portions of global protein, while management measures aim to ensure sustainable stocks and minimize bycatch and habitat impacts. Finfish conservation faces challenges such as overfishing, habitat degradation, and climate-related shifts in distribution and abundance.