Verotoxin2

Verotoxin2, also known as Shiga toxin 2, is a bacterial toxin produced by certain strains of Escherichia coli, particularly those belonging to the Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) serogroups. It is a member of the Shiga toxin family, which includes Shiga toxin 1 (Stx1) and Shiga toxin 2 (Stx2). Verotoxin2 is a potent cytotoxin that targets eukaryotic cells, specifically those of the intestinal epithelium, causing severe damage and leading to hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) in humans.

The gene encoding verotoxin2 is located on the lambda prophage of the bacterial chromosome. The toxin is composed of two subunits: the B subunit, which binds to the globotriaosylceramide (Gb3) receptor on the surface of host cells, and the A subunit, which enters the cell and inhibits protein synthesis by cleaving the 28S rRNA of the 60S ribosomal subunit. This inhibition leads to cell death.

Verotoxin2 is a significant pathogen in foodborne illnesses, particularly in undercooked or contaminated meat products. Symptoms of infection include abdominal pain, diarrhea, and in severe cases, HUS, which can result in kidney failure and even death. The toxin is also associated with other diseases, such as post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome in pigs and hemorrhagic colitis in cattle.

Diagnosis of verotoxin2 infection typically involves the detection of the toxin in stool samples or the identification of the toxin-producing E. coli strain in clinical specimens. Treatment focuses on supportive care, as there is no specific antiviral therapy for verotoxin2 infection. Prevention involves proper food handling and cooking practices to reduce the risk of contamination.