Veriryhmiin

Veriryhmiin, often translated as blood groups, refers to the classification of blood based on the presence or absence of certain inherited antigens on the surface of red blood cells. The most widely recognized blood group system is the ABO system, which categorizes blood into four main types: A, B, AB, and O. This classification is determined by the genes inherited from one's parents.

Type A blood has A antigens, type B blood has B antigens, type AB blood has both A and B antigens, and type O blood has neither A nor B antigens. In addition to antigens, red blood cells also have antibodies in the plasma that are opposite to the antigens present. For example, type A blood has anti-B antibodies, type B has anti-A antibodies, type AB has neither, and type O has both anti-A and anti-B antibodies. This knowledge is crucial for safe blood transfusions, as transfusions of incompatible blood types can lead to a severe immune reaction.

Another important blood group system is the Rh system, which is determined by the presence or absence of the RhD antigen. Individuals with the RhD antigen are considered Rh-positive, while those without it are Rh-negative. Rh incompatibility can be a concern during pregnancy, particularly if an Rh-negative mother carries an Rh-positive fetus, potentially leading to hemolytic disease of the newborn. Understanding veriryhmiin is fundamental in medicine for transfusions, organ transplantation, and prenatal care.