Verhütungsschwämmchen

Verhütungsschwämmchen, also known as contraceptive sponges, are a barrier method of birth control. They are small, soft, and typically made of polyurethane foam. A contraceptive sponge contains a spermicide, usually nonoxynol-9, which kills sperm. The sponge is inserted into the vagina before sexual intercourse, covering the cervix to prevent sperm from entering the uterus. The spermicide also helps to immobilize or kill sperm that may try to pass through the cervix.

To use a contraceptive sponge, it is typically moistened with water and then squeezed to activate the spermicide. It is then inserted deep into the vagina, with the user ensuring the concave side is placed over the cervix. The sponge can be inserted up to 24 hours before intercourse and must remain in place for at least six hours after intercourse to ensure effectiveness. It should not be left in for longer than 30 hours to avoid the risk of toxic shock syndrome. After removal, the sponge is usually discarded.

The effectiveness of contraceptive sponges can vary depending on whether the user has given birth. For individuals who have never given birth, the typical use effectiveness is around 76%, meaning about 24 out of 100 users will become pregnant in a year. For those who have given birth, the typical use effectiveness is lower, around 72%, meaning about 28 out of 100 users will become pregnant in a year. The perfect use effectiveness, which assumes consistent and correct usage, is higher.

Contraceptive sponges do not protect against sexually transmitted infections (STIs). They are available over-the-counter in some countries. Potential side effects can include vaginal irritation or allergic reactions to the spermicide or the sponge material. In rare cases, there is a risk of toxic shock syndrome.