Verdauungsvorgang

Verdauungsvorgang refers to the process by which food is broken down into smaller molecules that can be absorbed and utilized by the body. This complex physiological process involves both mechanical and chemical digestion and occurs primarily within the digestive system.

The process begins in the mouth, where food is mechanically broken down by chewing and mixed with saliva, which contains enzymes like amylase that start chemical digestion of carbohydrates. From the mouth, food travels down the esophagus to the stomach. Here, strong muscular contractions further mix the food, and gastric juices containing acid and enzymes like pepsin begin breaking down proteins.

The partially digested food then moves into the small intestine. This is the main site for digestion and absorption. In the small intestine, enzymes from the pancreas and the intestinal wall, along with bile from the liver, further break down carbohydrates, proteins, and fats into their simplest components. These nutrients are then absorbed through the intestinal lining into the bloodstream and lymphatic system.

The remaining indigestible material passes into the large intestine. Here, water and electrolytes are absorbed, and the remaining waste material is formed into feces. Finally, feces are eliminated from the body through the rectum and anus. This entire sequence ensures that the body can extract essential nutrients from consumed food.