Verdünmen

Verdünnen is the process of reducing the concentration of a substance by adding more solvent. In general usage, the term is common in German-speaking contexts and describes diluting liquids in chemistry, biology, pharmaceuticals, and related disciplines. The corresponding noun is Verdünnung (dilution), and the verb form is verdünnen.

In practice, dilution involves combining a solution of known concentration with a solvent to reach a desired, lower concentration. A common rule used is C1V1 = C2V2, where C1 and V1 are the initial concentration and volume, and C2 and V2 are the final concentration and volume. Serial dilutions are often performed to reach very low concentrations step by step, using calibrated glassware such as pipettes and volumetric flasks to ensure accuracy. Important factors include solvent compatibility with the solute, temperature effects on solubility and volume, and the precision of measurement.

Applications vary by field. In chemistry and biology, Verdünnen is essential for preparing standard solutions, controlling reaction conditions, and enabling assays. In painting and coatings, thinning a pigment or medium with a solvent alters viscosity, drying time, and application behavior. In pharmaceuticals and cosmetics, dilution helps achieve correct dosing, test formulations, and quality control. In all contexts, proper labeling, documentation, and safety considerations are important, since solvents can be flammable, toxic, or reactive.

Safety and quality considerations include selecting an appropriate solvent, avoiding contamination, using protective equipment, and adhering to regulatory or institutional guidelines for solvent handling and waste disposal.