Venomousness

Venomousness refers to the ability of an animal to produce and inject venom, a toxic substance, into another animal. This is typically achieved through specialized delivery mechanisms such as fangs, stingers, or spines. The purpose of venom varies widely among species, but common functions include subduing prey, defense against predators, and sometimes even aiding in digestion.

Venom is a complex mixture of proteins and other molecules, and its composition can differ greatly even between closely related species. This biochemical diversity is a result of evolutionary adaptation to specific ecological niches and prey types. The effects of venom on a victim can range from localized pain and swelling to systemic effects like paralysis, organ damage, or even death, depending on the venom's potency and the species involved.

Animals that are venomous are distinct from poisonous animals. Poisonous animals secrete toxins that are harmful when ingested or absorbed through the skin. In contrast, venomous animals must actively deliver their toxins into their victim, usually through a bite or sting. Common examples of venomous animals include snakes, spiders, scorpions, jellyfish, and some insects and fish. The study of venom and its effects is known as envenomology.