Velib

Velib' Métropole is a public bicycle-sharing system serving Paris and the Île-de-France region. It was launched in 2007 as a joint project of the City of Paris and the bicycle-dock provider JCDecaux, with the aim of providing a convenient, low-cost mobility option. It evolved into one of the world’s largest urban bike-sharing networks and is overseen by Île-de-France Mobilités (IDFM). The system is operated by a private contractor and uses a network of docking stations distributed throughout Paris and many surrounding suburbs. Bicycles can be rented by subscribing, purchasing a one-time access card, or using a smartphone app; a bike is unlocked at a docking point by entering a code, scanning a card, or using the app, and must be returned to a station with available docks.

The Velib' network emphasizes accessibility and ease of use, with real-time station information and payment integrated into a single process. Pricing structures typically include short-term passes as well as longer-term subscriptions, with charges based on ride duration to encourage short trips.

Impact includes widespread adoption of cycling for daily commuting and leisure, contributing to reduced car use in central Paris. The system has faced challenges such as uneven distribution of bikes and docks, maintenance needs, and occasional outages, prompting upgrades and expansions to improve reliability and coverage.

In the 2010s and beyond, Velib' Métropole expanded to cover a broader portion of Île-de-France, aligning with regional transport planning and integrating with other modes of public transit.